Gmail with Pydantic AI

How to integrate Gmail MCP with Pydantic AI

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Introduction Also integrate Gmail with TL;DR What is Pydantic AI What is the Gmail MCP server Supported Tools & Triggers Creating MCP Server - Stand-alone vs Composio SDK Step-by-step Guide Complete Code Conclusion How to build Gmail MCP Agent with another framework Explore Other Toolkits FAQ

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Introduction

This guide walks you through connecting Gmail to Pydantic AI using the Composio tool router. By the end, you'll have a working Gmail agent that can read emails, search your inbox, draft messages, manage labels, and organize threads through natural language commands.

This guide will help you understand how to give your Pydantic AI agent real control over a Gmail account through Composio's Gmail MCP server.

Before we dive in, let's take a quick look at the key ideas and tools involved.

Also integrate Gmail with

ChatGPT Antigravity OpenAI Agents SDK Claude Agent SDK Claude Code Claude Cowork Codex OpenCode Cursor VS Code OpenClaw Hermes CLI Google ADK LangChain Vercel AI SDK Mastra AI LlamaIndex CrewAI

TL;DR

Here's what you'll learn:

How to set up your Composio API key and User ID
How to create a Composio Tool Router session for Gmail
How to attach an MCP Server to a Pydantic AI agent
How to stream responses and maintain chat history
How to build a simple REPL-style chat interface to test your Gmail workflows

What is Pydantic AI?

Pydantic AI is a Python framework for building AI agents with strong typing and validation. It leverages Pydantic's data validation capabilities to create robust, type-safe AI applications.

Key features include:

Type Safety: Built on Pydantic for automatic data validation
MCP Support: Native support for Model Context Protocol servers
Streaming: Built-in support for streaming responses
Async First: Designed for async/await patterns

What is the Gmail MCP server, and what's possible with it?

The Gmail MCP server is an implementation of the Model Context Protocol that connects your AI agent and assistants like Claude, Cursor, etc directly to your Gmail account. It provides structured and secure access to your email, so your agent can search, read, draft, organize, and even manage contacts in your mailbox—all on your behalf.

Advanced email search and retrieval: Effortlessly instruct your agent to fetch emails by sender, subject, label, date, or keywords, and even retrieve full message content or threads.
Automated drafting and sending: Have your agent create new email drafts, craft replies, add CC/BCC, include attachments, and handle threading to streamline communication.
Smart label and inbox organization: Let the agent create new labels, apply or remove labels from emails, and keep your inbox clutter-free by archiving or moving messages.
Contact and thread management: Fetch your Gmail contacts, pull entire conversation threads, or download specific attachments to make follow-ups a breeze.
Email and draft cleanup: Direct your agent to permanently delete emails or drafts, helping you maintain a tidy mailbox with minimal effort.

Supported Tools & Triggers

Tools

Triggers

Modify email labelsAdds and/or removes specified Gmail labels for a message; ensure `message_id` and all `label_ids` are valid (use 'listLabels' for custom label IDs).

Batch delete Gmail messagesTool to permanently delete multiple Gmail messages in bulk, bypassing Trash with no recovery possible.

Batch modify Gmail messagesModify labels on multiple Gmail messages in one efficient API call.

Create email draftCreates a Gmail email draft.

Create Gmail filterTool to create a new Gmail filter with specified criteria and actions.

Create labelCreates a new label with a unique name in the specified user's Gmail account.

Create Prompt PostSend a one-shot prompt to the Sanity Content Agent.

Delete DraftPermanently deletes a specific Gmail draft using its ID with no recovery possible; verify the correct `draft_id` and obtain explicit user confirmation before calling.

Delete Gmail filterTool to permanently delete a Gmail filter by its ID.

Delete label from account (permanent)Permanently DELETES a user-created Gmail label from the account (not from a message).

Delete messagePermanently deletes a specific email message by its ID from a Gmail mailbox; for `user_id`, use 'me' for the authenticated user or an email address to which the authenticated user has delegated access.

Delete threadTool to immediately and permanently delete a specified thread and all its messages.

Fetch emailsFetches a list of email messages from a Gmail account, supporting filtering, pagination, and optional full content retrieval.

Fetch message by message IDFetches a specific email message by its ID, provided the `message_id` exists and is accessible to the authenticated `user_id`.

Fetch Message by Thread IDRetrieves messages from a Gmail thread using its `thread_id`, where the thread must be accessible by the specified `user_id`.

Forward email messageForward an existing Gmail message to specified recipients, preserving original body and attachments.

Get Gmail attachmentRetrieves a specific attachment by ID from a message in a user's Gmail mailbox, requiring valid message and attachment IDs.

Get Auto-Forwarding SettingsTool to get the auto-forwarding setting for the specified account.

Get contactsFetches contacts (connections) for the authenticated Google account, allowing selection of specific data fields and pagination.

Get DraftRetrieves a single Gmail draft by its ID.

Get Gmail filterTool to retrieve a specific Gmail filter by its ID.

Get label detailsGets details for a specified Gmail label.

Get Language SettingsTool to retrieve the language settings for a Gmail user.

Get PeopleRetrieves either a specific person's details (using `resource_name`) or lists 'Other Contacts' (if `other_contacts` is true), with `person_fields` specifying the data to return.

Get ProfileRetrieves Gmail profile information (email address, aggregate messagesTotal/threadsTotal, historyId) for a user.

Get Vacation SettingsTool to retrieve vacation responder settings for a Gmail user.

Import messageTool to import a message into the user's mailbox with standard email delivery scanning and classification.

Insert message into mailboxTool to insert a message into the user's mailbox similar to IMAP APPEND.

List CSE identitiesTool to list client-side encrypted identities for an authenticated user.

List CSE key pairsTool to list client-side encryption key pairs for an authenticated user.

List DraftsRetrieves a paginated list of email drafts from a user's Gmail account.

List Gmail filtersTool to list all Gmail filters (rules) in the mailbox.

List forwarding addressesTool to list all forwarding addresses for the specified Gmail account.

List Gmail historyTool to list Gmail mailbox change history since a known startHistoryId.

List Gmail labelsRetrieves all system and user-created labels for a Gmail account in a single unpaginated response.

List send-as aliasesLists the send-as aliases for a Gmail account, including the primary address and custom 'from' aliases.

List S/MIME configsLists S/MIME configs for the specified send-as alias.

List threadsRetrieves a list of email threads from a Gmail account, identified by `user_id` (email address or 'me'), supporting filtering and pagination.

Modify thread labelsAdds or removes specified existing label IDs from a Gmail thread, affecting all its messages; ensure the thread ID is valid.

Trash threadMoves the specified thread to the trash.

Move to TrashMoves an existing, non-deleted email message to the trash for the specified user.

Patch LabelPatches the specified user-created label.

Patch send-as aliasTool to patch the specified send-as alias for a Gmail user.

Reply to email threadSends a reply within a specific Gmail thread using the original thread's subject; do not provide a custom subject as it will start a new conversation instead of replying in-thread.

Search PeopleSearches contacts by matching the query against names, nicknames, emails, phone numbers, and organizations, optionally including 'Other Contacts'.

Send DraftSends an existing draft email AS-IS to recipients already defined within the draft.

Send EmailSends an email via Gmail API using the authenticated user's Google profile display name.

Get IMAP SettingsRetrieves the IMAP settings for a Gmail user account, including whether IMAP is enabled, auto-expunge behavior, expunge behavior, and maximum folder size.

Get POP settingsTool to retrieve POP settings for a Gmail account.

Get send-as aliasTool to retrieve a specific send-as alias configuration for a Gmail user.

Stop watch notificationsTool to stop receiving push notifications for a Gmail mailbox.

Untrash MessageTool to remove a message from trash in Gmail.

Untrash threadTool to remove a thread from trash in Gmail.

Update draftUpdates (replaces) an existing Gmail draft's content in-place by draft ID.

Update IMAP settingsTool to update IMAP settings for a Gmail account.

Update LabelTool to update the properties of an existing Gmail label.

Update Language SettingsTool to update the language settings for a Gmail user.

Update POP settingsTool to update POP settings for a Gmail account.

Update send-as aliasTool to update a send-as alias for a Gmail user.

Update User Attributes ValuesUpdate user attribute values for a resource.

Update Vacation SettingsTool to update vacation responder settings for a Gmail user.

What is the Composio tool router, and how does it fit here?

What is Composio SDK?

Composio's Composio SDK helps agents find the right tools for a task at runtime. You can plug in multiple toolkits (like Gmail, HubSpot, and GitHub), and the agent will identify the relevant app and action to complete multi-step workflows. This can reduce token usage and improve the reliability of tool calls. Read more here: Getting started with Composio SDK

The tool router generates a secure MCP URL that your agents can access to perform actions.

How the Composio SDK works

The Composio SDK follows a three-phase workflow:

Discovery: Searches for tools matching your task and returns relevant toolkits with their details.
Authentication: Checks for active connections. If missing, creates an auth config and returns a connection URL via Auth Link.
Execution: Executes the action using the authenticated connection.

Step-by-step Guide

Prerequisites

Before starting, make sure you have:

Python 3.9 or higher
A Composio account with an active API key
Basic familiarity with Python and async programming

Getting API Keys for OpenAI and Composio

OpenAI API Key

Go to the OpenAI dashboard and create an API key. You'll need credits to use the models, or you can connect to another model provider.
Keep the API key safe.

Composio API Key

Log in to the Composio dashboard.
Navigate to your API settings and generate a new API key.
Store this key securely as you'll need it for authentication.

Install dependencies

bash

pip install composio pydantic-ai python-dotenv

Install the required libraries.

What's happening:

composio connects your agent to external SaaS tools like Gmail
pydantic-ai lets you create structured AI agents with tool support
python-dotenv loads your environment variables securely from a .env file

Set up environment variables

bash

COMPOSIO_API_KEY=your_composio_api_key_here
USER_ID=your_user_id_here
OPENAI_API_KEY=your_openai_api_key

Create a .env file in your project root.

What's happening:

COMPOSIO_API_KEY authenticates your agent to Composio's API
USER_ID associates your session with your account for secure tool access
OPENAI_API_KEY to access OpenAI LLMs

Import dependencies

python

import asyncio
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from composio import Composio
from pydantic_ai import Agent
from pydantic_ai.mcp import MCPServerStreamableHTTP

load_dotenv()

What's happening:

We load environment variables and import required modules
Composio manages connections to Gmail
MCPServerStreamableHTTP connects to the Gmail MCP server endpoint
Agent from Pydantic AI lets you define and run the AI assistant

Create a Tool Router Session

python

async def main():
    api_key = os.getenv("COMPOSIO_API_KEY")
    user_id = os.getenv("USER_ID")
    if not api_key or not user_id:
        raise RuntimeError("Set COMPOSIO_API_KEY and USER_ID in your environment")

    # Create a Composio Tool Router session for Gmail
    composio = Composio(api_key=api_key)
    session = composio.create(
        user_id=user_id,
        toolkits=["gmail"],
    )
    url = session.mcp.url
    if not url:
        raise ValueError("Composio session did not return an MCP URL")

What's happening:

We're creating a Tool Router session that gives your agent access to Gmail tools
The create method takes the user ID and specifies which toolkits should be available
The returned session.mcp.url is the MCP server URL that your agent will use

Initialize the Pydantic AI Agent

python

# Attach the MCP server to a Pydantic AI Agent
gmail_mcp = MCPServerStreamableHTTP(url, headers={"x-api-key": COMPOSIO_API_KEY})
agent = Agent(
    "openai:gpt-5",
    toolsets=[gmail_mcp],
    instructions=(
        "You are a Gmail assistant. Use Gmail tools to help users "
        "with their requests. Ask clarifying questions when needed."
    ),
)

What's happening:

The MCP client connects to the Gmail endpoint
The agent uses GPT-5 to interpret user commands and perform Gmail operations
The instructions field defines the agent's role and behavior

Build the chat interface

python

# Simple REPL with message history
history = []
print("Chat started! Type 'exit' or 'quit' to end.\n")
print("Try asking the agent to help you with Gmail.\n")

while True:
    user_input = input("You: ").strip()
    if user_input.lower() in {"exit", "quit", "bye"}:
        print("\nGoodbye!")
        break
    if not user_input:
        continue

    print("\nAgent is thinking...\n", flush=True)

    async with agent.run_stream(user_input, message_history=history) as stream_result:
        collected_text = ""
        async for chunk in stream_result.stream_output():
            text_piece = None
            if isinstance(chunk, str):
                text_piece = chunk
            elif hasattr(chunk, "delta") and isinstance(chunk.delta, str):
                text_piece = chunk.delta
            elif hasattr(chunk, "text"):
                text_piece = chunk.text
            if text_piece:
                collected_text += text_piece
        result = stream_result

    print(f"Agent: {collected_text}\n")
    history = result.all_messages()

What's happening:

The agent reads input from the terminal and streams its response
Gmail API calls happen automatically under the hood
The model keeps conversation history to maintain context across turns

Run the application

python

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

What's happening:

The asyncio loop launches the agent and keeps it running until you exit

Complete Code

Here's the complete code to get you started with Gmail and Pydantic AI:

python

import asyncio
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from composio import Composio
from pydantic_ai import Agent
from pydantic_ai.mcp import MCPServerStreamableHTTP

load_dotenv()

async def main():
    api_key = os.getenv("COMPOSIO_API_KEY")
    user_id = os.getenv("USER_ID")
    if not api_key or not user_id:
        raise RuntimeError("Set COMPOSIO_API_KEY and USER_ID in your environment")

    # Create a Composio Tool Router session for Gmail
    composio = Composio(api_key=api_key)
    session = composio.create(
        user_id=user_id,
        toolkits=["gmail"],
    )
    url = session.mcp.url
    if not url:
        raise ValueError("Composio session did not return an MCP URL")

    # Attach the MCP server to a Pydantic AI Agent
    gmail_mcp = MCPServerStreamableHTTP(url, headers={"x-api-key": COMPOSIO_API_KEY})
    agent = Agent(
        "openai:gpt-5",
        toolsets=[gmail_mcp],
        instructions=(
            "You are a Gmail assistant. Use Gmail tools to help users "
            "with their requests. Ask clarifying questions when needed."
        ),
    )

    # Simple REPL with message history
    history = []
    print("Chat started! Type 'exit' or 'quit' to end.\n")
    print("Try asking the agent to help you with Gmail.\n")

    while True:
        user_input = input("You: ").strip()
        if user_input.lower() in {"exit", "quit", "bye"}:
            print("\nGoodbye!")
            break
        if not user_input:
            continue

        print("\nAgent is thinking...\n", flush=True)

        async with agent.run_stream(user_input, message_history=history) as stream_result:
            collected_text = ""
            async for chunk in stream_result.stream_output():
                text_piece = None
                if isinstance(chunk, str):
                    text_piece = chunk
                elif hasattr(chunk, "delta") and isinstance(chunk.delta, str):
                    text_piece = chunk.delta
                elif hasattr(chunk, "text"):
                    text_piece = chunk.text
                if text_piece:
                    collected_text += text_piece
            result = stream_result

        print(f"Agent: {collected_text}\n")
        history = result.all_messages()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

Conclusion

You've built a Pydantic AI agent that can interact with Gmail through Composio's Tool Router. With this setup, your agent can perform real Gmail actions through natural language. You can extend this further by:

Adding other toolkits like Gmail, HubSpot, or Salesforce
Building a web-based chat interface around this agent
Using multiple MCP endpoints to enable cross-app workflows (for example, Gmail + Gmail for workflow automation)

This architecture makes your AI agent "agent-native", able to securely use APIs in a unified, composable way without custom integrations.

How to build Gmail MCP Agent with another framework

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TOOLKIT MARKETPLACE

FAQ

What are the differences in Tool Router MCP and Gmail MCP?

With a standalone Gmail MCP server, the agents and LLMs can only access a fixed set of Gmail tools tied to that server. However, with the Composio Tool Router, agents can dynamically load tools from Gmail and many other apps based on the task at hand, all through a single MCP endpoint.

Can I use Tool Router MCP with Pydantic AI?

Yes, you can. Pydantic AI fully supports MCP integration. You get structured tool calling, message history handling, and model orchestration while Tool Router takes care of discovering and serving the right Gmail tools.

Can I manage the permissions and scopes for Gmail while using Tool Router?

Yes, absolutely. You can configure which Gmail scopes and actions are allowed when connecting your account to Composio. You can also bring your own OAuth credentials or API configuration so you keep full control over what the agent can do.

How safe is my data with Composio Tool Router?

All sensitive data such as tokens, keys, and configuration is fully encrypted at rest and in transit. Composio is SOC 2 Type 2 compliant and follows strict security practices so your Gmail data and credentials are handled as safely as possible.

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Harsha GaddipatiCo-founder, Slashy

Karan skipped his own birthday party to fix our critical issue. It was 10 pm and he diverted his Waymo to help us instead. This really sets the bar, shows you the commitment you need to have when users rely on your software.

Abhi AryaCo-founder, Opennote

A lot of students tell us that the moment their connected tools start talking to each other inside Opennote feels almost magical. The agent just knows them, and it has immensely helped in keeping new users on the platform.

Nirman DaveCEO, Zams

We chose Composio over Pipedream because it delivered depth where it mattered. It supported niche tools and tricky edge cases that other platforms simply ignored. Giving us confidence to scale without compromising.

Ryan YuFounder, Extra Thursday

As a solo builder, shipping fast is life or death. The only way I can outcompete incumbents is by outmanoeuvring them. Getting bogged down in the complexities of managing agent auth would have been a death sentence for Extra Thursday.

Tomisin JenrolaFounder & CEO, SwarmZero

Before partnering with Composio, adding tool integrations was a slow, resource-intensive process. Each integration could take weeks or months of engineering time, and maintaining them meant constantly keeping up with API changes.

Jerome LeclancheCo-Founder, Ingram Technologies

With hands-on help from their founder, we integrated Gmail and Google Drive in just 30 minutes. This level of personal support and commitment is exactly what startups should strive for.

Harsha GaddipatiCo-founder, Slashy

Abhi AryaCo-founder, Opennote

Nirman DaveCEO, Zams

Ryan YuFounder, Extra Thursday

Tomisin JenrolaFounder & CEO, SwarmZero

Jerome LeclancheCo-Founder, Ingram Technologies

With hands-on help from their founder, we integrated Gmail and Google Drive in just 30 minutes. This level of personal support and commitment is exactly what startups should strive for.

Harsha GaddipatiCo-founder, Slashy

Abhi AryaCo-founder, Opennote

Nirman DaveCEO, Zams

Ryan YuFounder, Extra Thursday

Tomisin JenrolaFounder & CEO, SwarmZero

Jerome LeclancheCo-Founder, Ingram Technologies

With hands-on help from their founder, we integrated Gmail and Google Drive in just 30 minutes. This level of personal support and commitment is exactly what startups should strive for.

How to integrate Gmail MCP with Pydantic AI

Table of Contents

Connect Gmail without Auth hassles

Introduction

Also integrate Gmail with

TL;DR

What is Pydantic AI?

What is the Gmail MCP server, and what's possible with it?

Supported Tools & Triggers

What is the Composio tool router, and how does it fit here?

What is Composio SDK?

How the Composio SDK works

Step-by-step Guide

Prerequisites

Getting API Keys for OpenAI and Composio

Install dependencies

Set up environment variables

Import dependencies

Create a Tool Router Session

Initialize the Pydantic AI Agent

Build the chat interface

Run the application

Complete Code

Conclusion

How to build Gmail MCP Agent with another framework

ChatGPT

Antigravity

OpenAI Agents SDK

Claude Agent SDK

Claude Code

Claude Cowork

Codex

Cursor

OpenClaw

Hermes

CLI

Google ADK

LangChain

Vercel AI SDK

Mastra AI

LlamaIndex

CrewAI

OpenCode

VS Code

Explore Other Toolkits

Outlook

Slack

Gong

FAQ

What are the differences in Tool Router MCP and Gmail MCP?

Can I use Tool Router MCP with Pydantic AI?

Can I manage the permissions and scopes for Gmail while using Tool Router?

How safe is my data with Composio Tool Router?

Used by agents from

Never worry about agent reliability