# How to integrate Whatsapp MCP with Autogen ```json { "title": "How to integrate Whatsapp MCP with Autogen", "toolkit": "Whatsapp", "toolkit_slug": "whatsapp", "framework": "AutoGen", "framework_slug": "autogen", "url": "https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/autogen", "markdown_url": "https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/autogen.md", "updated_at": "2026-05-12T10:30:18.573Z" } ``` ## Introduction This guide walks you through connecting Whatsapp to AutoGen using the Composio tool router. By the end, you'll have a working Whatsapp agent that can send contact card to new lead, get business profile details for support, list all approved message templates through natural language commands. This guide will help you understand how to give your AutoGen agent real control over a Whatsapp account through Composio's Whatsapp MCP server. Before we dive in, let's take a quick look at the key ideas and tools involved. ## Also integrate Whatsapp with - [ChatGPT](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/chatgpt) - [OpenAI Agents SDK](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/open-ai-agents-sdk) - [Claude Agent SDK](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/claude-agents-sdk) - [Claude Code](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/claude-code) - [Claude Cowork](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/claude-cowork) - [Codex](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/codex) - [Cursor](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/cursor) - [VS Code](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/vscode) - [OpenCode](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/opencode) - [OpenClaw](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/openclaw) - [Hermes](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/hermes-agent) - [CLI](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/cli) - [Google ADK](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/google-adk) - [LangChain](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/langchain) - [Vercel AI SDK](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/ai-sdk) - [Mastra AI](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/mastra-ai) - [LlamaIndex](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/llama-index) - [CrewAI](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/crew-ai) ## TL;DR Here's what you'll learn: - Get and set up your OpenAI and Composio API keys - Install the required dependencies for Autogen and Composio - Initialize Composio and create a Tool Router session for Whatsapp - Wire that MCP URL into Autogen using McpWorkbench and StreamableHttpServerParams - Configure an Autogen AssistantAgent that can call Whatsapp tools - Run a live chat loop where you ask the agent to perform Whatsapp operations ## What is AutoGen? Autogen is a framework for building multi-agent conversational AI systems from Microsoft. It enables you to create agents that can collaborate, use tools, and maintain complex workflows. Key features include: - Multi-Agent Systems: Build collaborative agent workflows - MCP Workbench: Native support for Model Context Protocol tools - Streaming HTTP: Connect to external services through streamable HTTP - AssistantAgent: Pre-built agent class for tool-using assistants ## What is the Whatsapp MCP server, and what's possible with it? The Whatsapp MCP server is an implementation of the Model Context Protocol that connects your AI agent and assistants like Claude, Cursor, etc directly to your WhatsApp Business account. It provides structured and secure access to your business messaging platform, so your agent can perform actions like sending messages, managing templates, retrieving business info, and automating customer interactions on your behalf. - Automated messaging and contact sharing: Let your agent send messages or share contacts directly with customers who have initiated a conversation, making follow-ups and support quick and seamless. - Template management and automation: Easily create, retrieve, and delete WhatsApp message templates for marketing or transactional outreach, and keep your approved messages organized. - Business profile and phone management: Fetch and update business profile details or pull a full list of WhatsApp Business phone numbers connected to your account for easy management. - Media access and metadata retrieval: Direct your agent to download sent media or fetch detailed information about uploaded files—perfect for handling customer attachments or verifying uploads. - Template approval and status tracking: Automatically check the approval status of message templates, so your agent knows which templates are ready to use or need revision. ## Supported Tools | Tool slug | Name | Description | |---|---|---| | `WHATSAPP_CREATE_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE` | Create message template | Create a new message template for the WhatsApp Business Account. Templates must be approved by WhatsApp before they can be used. Templates are required for marketing messages and messages sent outside the 24-hour window. | | `WHATSAPP_DELETE_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE` | Delete message template | Delete a message template from the WhatsApp Business Account by name. This permanently removes the template and it cannot be recovered. When you delete a template by name, all templates with that name across all languages will be deleted. Names of deleted templates cannot be reused for 30 days. Important: Only delete templates that are no longer needed, as this operation is irreversible. | | `WHATSAPP_GET_BUSINESS_PROFILE` | Get business profile | Get the business profile information for a WhatsApp Business phone number. This includes business details like description, address, website, and contact info. | | `WHATSAPP_GET_MEDIA_INFO` | Get media info | Get metadata and download URL for uploaded WhatsApp media. Returns media ID, download URL (valid for 5 minutes), MIME type, SHA256 hash, and file size. The download URL can be used to retrieve the actual media file. | | `WHATSAPP_GET_MESSAGE_TEMPLATES` | Get message templates | Get all message templates for the WhatsApp Business Account. Templates are required for sending messages outside the 24-hour window and for marketing/utility messages. | | `WHATSAPP_GET_PHONE_NUMBER` | Get phone number | Retrieve detailed information about a specific WhatsApp Business phone number. Returns phone number details including verification status, quality rating, display number, verified business name, throughput limits, and webhook configuration. Use this to check phone number status, settings, and capabilities. To get available phone number IDs, first call WHATSAPP_GET_PHONE_NUMBERS. | | `WHATSAPP_GET_PHONE_NUMBERS` | Get phone numbers | Retrieve all phone numbers registered to your WhatsApp Business Account. Returns phone number IDs, display numbers, verification status, quality ratings, and messaging throughput limits. Use the phone number ID from the response to send WhatsApp messages via other API actions. | | `WHATSAPP_GET_TEMPLATE_STATUS` | Get template status | Get the status and details of a specific message template. This is useful for checking if a template has been approved, rejected, or is still pending review. | | `WHATSAPP_SEND_CONTACTS` | Send contacts | Send contacts WhatsApp number. Note: The message will be delivered to the recipient only if they have initiated a conversation first. | | `WHATSAPP_SEND_INTERACTIVE_BUTTONS` | Send interactive buttons | Send an interactive button message with up to 3 reply buttons to a WhatsApp user. Interactive button messages allow recipients to quickly respond by tapping predefined buttons. Perfect for yes/no questions, multiple choice selections, quick actions, or call-to-action scenarios. IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS: - The recipient must be a registered WhatsApp user - The recipient must have messaged your business first within the last 24 hours (WhatsApp's customer service window) - You can include 1-3 buttons per message - Each button can have a title (max 20 chars) and unique ID (max 256 chars) Use cases: Customer service menus, appointment confirmations, feedback collection, product selections. | | `WHATSAPP_SEND_INTERACTIVE_LIST` | Send interactive list | Send an interactive list message to a WhatsApp number. List messages display a menu of options organized into sections. Users tap a button to view the list and select one option. Perfect for product catalogs, service menus, or guided workflows. Supports up to 10 sections with up to 10 items per section (100 total options). Note: Recipients must have messaged you first within the last 24 hours to receive this message. | | `WHATSAPP_SEND_LOCATION` | Send location | Send a location message with coordinates, name, and address to a WhatsApp user. This action allows you to share location information through WhatsApp Business API. The location message includes latitude/longitude coordinates, a location name, and address. Important: The recipient must have an active WhatsApp account. Additionally, you can only send free-form messages (like location messages) within the 24-hour customer service window after the recipient has initiated contact with your business. Outside this window, you must use approved message templates. Common error codes: - 133010: Recipient's phone number doesn't have a WhatsApp account - 131026: Message undeliverable (recipient may have blocked your business number) - 131047: Re-engagement message (outside 24-hour window, need to use template) | | `WHATSAPP_SEND_MEDIA` | Send media | Send a media message to a WhatsApp number. Note: The media will be delivered to the recipient only if they have texted first. | | `WHATSAPP_SEND_MEDIA_BY_ID` | Send media by | Send media using a media ID from previously uploaded media. This is more efficient than sending media by URL as the media is already on WhatsApp servers. Use upload_media action first to get the media ID. Note: The media will be delivered to the recipient only if they have texted first. | | `WHATSAPP_SEND_MESSAGE` | Send message | Send a text message to a WhatsApp user. Important: The recipient phone number must be registered on WhatsApp and must have initiated a conversation with your business within the last 24 hours, OR you must use a template message (see WHATSAPP_SEND_TEMPLATE_MESSAGE) for the first message outside the 24-hour window. For test accounts, recipient numbers must be added to the test recipient list in Meta Business Suite before sending messages. | | `WHATSAPP_SEND_TEMPLATE_MESSAGE` | Send template message | Send a template message to a WhatsApp number. | | `WHATSAPP_UPLOAD_MEDIA` | Upload media | Upload media files (images, videos, audio, documents, stickers) to WhatsApp servers. The uploaded media gets a media ID that can be used in send_media or other messaging actions. Supported formats: - Images: JPEG, PNG (max 5MB) - Videos: MP4, 3GPP (max 16MB) - Audio: AAC, M4A, AMR, MP3, OGG (max 16MB) - Documents: PDF, DOC, DOCX, PPT, PPTX, XLS, XLSX (max 100MB) - Stickers: WebP (max 500KB, 512x512 pixels) | ## Supported Triggers | Trigger slug | Name | Description | |---|---|---| | `WHATSAPP_MESSAGE_STATUS_UPDATED_TRIGGER` | Message Status Updated | Triggers when a WhatsApp message status changes. IMPORTANT LIMITATION: WhatsApp Cloud API does not provide a native polling endpoint for message status. Status updates are ONLY delivered via webhooks in real-time. This trigger cannot directly poll the WhatsApp API for status updates. This trigger will return empty results as WhatsApp does not support this operation. To track message status updates, you must: 1. Set up a webhook endpoint to receive status notifications from WhatsApp 2. Store the webhook data in your own database 3. Use a different mechanism to query your stored webhook data For more information, see: - https://developers.facebook.com/docs/whatsapp/cloud-api/webhooks | ## Creating MCP Server - Stand-alone vs Composio SDK The Whatsapp MCP server is an implementation of the Model Context Protocol that connects your AI agents and assistants directly to Whatsapp. Instead of manually wiring Whatsapp APIs, OAuth, and scopes yourself, you get a structured, tool-based interface that an LLM can call safely. With Composio's managed implementation, you don't have to create your own developer app. For production, if you're building an end product, we recommend using your own credentials. The managed server helps you prototype fast and go from 0-1 faster. ## Step-by-step Guide ### 1. Prerequisites You will need: - A Composio API key - An OpenAI API key (used by Autogen's OpenAIChatCompletionClient) - A Whatsapp account you can connect to Composio - Some basic familiarity with Autogen and Python async ### 1. Getting API Keys for OpenAI and Composio OpenAI API Key - Go to the [OpenAI dashboard](https://platform.openai.com/settings/organization/api-keys) and create an API key. You'll need credits to use the models, or you can connect to another model provider. - Keep the API key safe. Composio API Key - Log in to the [Composio dashboard](https://dashboard.composio.dev?utm_source=toolkits&utm_medium=framework_docs). - Navigate to your API settings and generate a new API key. - Store this key securely as you'll need it for authentication. ### 2. Install dependencies Install Composio, Autogen extensions, and dotenv. What's happening: - composio connects your agent to Whatsapp via MCP - autogen-agentchat provides the AssistantAgent class - autogen-ext-openai provides the OpenAI model client - autogen-ext-tools provides MCP workbench support ```bash pip install composio python-dotenv pip install autogen-agentchat autogen-ext-openai autogen-ext-tools ``` ### 3. Set up environment variables Create a .env file in your project folder. What's happening: - COMPOSIO_API_KEY is required to talk to Composio - OPENAI_API_KEY is used by Autogen's OpenAI client - USER_ID is how Composio identifies which user's Whatsapp connections to use ```bash COMPOSIO_API_KEY=your-composio-api-key OPENAI_API_KEY=your-openai-api-key USER_ID=your-user-identifier@example.com ``` ### 4. Import dependencies and create Tool Router session What's happening: - load_dotenv() reads your .env file - Composio(api_key=...) initializes the SDK - create(...) creates a Tool Router session that exposes Whatsapp tools - session.mcp.url is the MCP endpoint that Autogen will connect to ```python import asyncio import os from dotenv import load_dotenv from composio import Composio from autogen_agentchat.agents import AssistantAgent from autogen_ext.models.openai import OpenAIChatCompletionClient from autogen_ext.tools.mcp import McpWorkbench, StreamableHttpServerParams load_dotenv() async def main(): # Initialize Composio and create a Whatsapp session composio = Composio(api_key=os.getenv("COMPOSIO_API_KEY")) session = composio.create( user_id=os.getenv("USER_ID"), toolkits=["whatsapp"] ) url = session.mcp.url ``` ### 5. Configure MCP parameters for Autogen Autogen expects parameters describing how to talk to the MCP server. That is what StreamableHttpServerParams is for. What's happening: - url points to the Tool Router MCP endpoint from Composio - timeout is the HTTP timeout for requests - sse_read_timeout controls how long to wait when streaming responses - terminate_on_close=True cleans up the MCP server process when the workbench is closed ```python # Configure MCP server parameters for Streamable HTTP server_params = StreamableHttpServerParams( url=url, timeout=30.0, sse_read_timeout=300.0, terminate_on_close=True, headers={"x-api-key": os.getenv("COMPOSIO_API_KEY")} ) ``` ### 6. Create the model client and agent What's happening: - OpenAIChatCompletionClient wraps the OpenAI model for Autogen - McpWorkbench connects the agent to the MCP tools - AssistantAgent is configured with the Whatsapp tools from the workbench ```python # Create model client model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient( model="gpt-5", api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY") ) # Use McpWorkbench as context manager async with McpWorkbench(server_params) as workbench: # Create Whatsapp assistant agent with MCP tools agent = AssistantAgent( name="whatsapp_assistant", description="An AI assistant that helps with Whatsapp operations.", model_client=model_client, workbench=workbench, model_client_stream=True, max_tool_iterations=10 ) ``` ### 7. Run the interactive chat loop What's happening: - The script prompts you in a loop with You: - Autogen passes your input to the model, which decides which Whatsapp tools to call via MCP - agent.run_stream(...) yields streaming messages as the agent thinks and calls tools - Typing exit, quit, or bye ends the loop ```python print("Chat started! Type 'exit' or 'quit' to end the conversation.\n") print("Ask any Whatsapp related question or task to the agent.\n") # Conversation loop while True: user_input = input("You: ").strip() if user_input.lower() in ["exit", "quit", "bye"]: print("\nGoodbye!") break if not user_input: continue print("\nAgent is thinking...\n") # Run the agent with streaming try: response_text = "" async for message in agent.run_stream(task=user_input): if hasattr(message, "content") and message.content: response_text = message.content # Print the final response if response_text: print(f"Agent: {response_text}\n") else: print("Agent: I encountered an issue processing your request.\n") except Exception as e: print(f"Agent: Sorry, I encountered an error: {str(e)}\n") ``` ## Complete Code ```python import asyncio import os from dotenv import load_dotenv from composio import Composio from autogen_agentchat.agents import AssistantAgent from autogen_ext.models.openai import OpenAIChatCompletionClient from autogen_ext.tools.mcp import McpWorkbench, StreamableHttpServerParams load_dotenv() async def main(): # Initialize Composio and create a Whatsapp session composio = Composio(api_key=os.getenv("COMPOSIO_API_KEY")) session = composio.create( user_id=os.getenv("USER_ID"), toolkits=["whatsapp"] ) url = session.mcp.url # Configure MCP server parameters for Streamable HTTP server_params = StreamableHttpServerParams( url=url, timeout=30.0, sse_read_timeout=300.0, terminate_on_close=True, headers={"x-api-key": os.getenv("COMPOSIO_API_KEY")} ) # Create model client model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient( model="gpt-5", api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY") ) # Use McpWorkbench as context manager async with McpWorkbench(server_params) as workbench: # Create Whatsapp assistant agent with MCP tools agent = AssistantAgent( name="whatsapp_assistant", description="An AI assistant that helps with Whatsapp operations.", model_client=model_client, workbench=workbench, model_client_stream=True, max_tool_iterations=10 ) print("Chat started! Type 'exit' or 'quit' to end the conversation.\n") print("Ask any Whatsapp related question or task to the agent.\n") # Conversation loop while True: user_input = input("You: ").strip() if user_input.lower() in ['exit', 'quit', 'bye']: print("\nGoodbye!") break if not user_input: continue print("\nAgent is thinking...\n") # Run the agent with streaming try: response_text = "" async for message in agent.run_stream(task=user_input): if hasattr(message, 'content') and message.content: response_text = message.content # Print the final response if response_text: print(f"Agent: {response_text}\n") else: print("Agent: I encountered an issue processing your request.\n") except Exception as e: print(f"Agent: Sorry, I encountered an error: {str(e)}\n") if __name__ == "__main__": asyncio.run(main()) ``` ## Conclusion You now have an Autogen assistant wired into Whatsapp through Composio's Tool Router and MCP. From here you can: - Add more toolkits to the toolkits list, for example notion or hubspot - Refine the agent description to point it at specific workflows - Wrap this script behind a UI, Slack bot, or internal tool Once the pattern is clear for Whatsapp, you can reuse the same structure for other MCP-enabled apps with minimal code changes. ## How to build Whatsapp MCP Agent with another framework - [ChatGPT](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/chatgpt) - [OpenAI Agents SDK](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/open-ai-agents-sdk) - [Claude Agent SDK](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/claude-agents-sdk) - [Claude Code](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/claude-code) - [Claude Cowork](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/claude-cowork) - [Codex](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/codex) - [Cursor](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/cursor) - [VS Code](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/vscode) - [OpenCode](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/opencode) - [OpenClaw](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/openclaw) - [Hermes](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/hermes-agent) - [CLI](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/cli) - [Google ADK](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/google-adk) - [LangChain](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/langchain) - [Vercel AI SDK](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/ai-sdk) - [Mastra AI](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/mastra-ai) - [LlamaIndex](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/llama-index) - [CrewAI](https://composio.dev/toolkits/whatsapp/framework/crew-ai) ## Related Toolkits - [Gmail](https://composio.dev/toolkits/gmail) - Gmail is Google's email service with powerful spam protection, search, and G Suite integration. It keeps your inbox organized and makes communication fast and reliable. - [Outlook](https://composio.dev/toolkits/outlook) - Outlook is Microsoft's email and calendaring platform for unified communications and scheduling. It helps users stay organized with powerful email, contacts, and calendar management. - [Slack](https://composio.dev/toolkits/slack) - Slack is a channel-based messaging platform for teams and organizations. It helps people collaborate in real time, share files, and connect all their tools in one place. - [Gong](https://composio.dev/toolkits/gong) - Gong is a platform for video meetings, call recording, and team collaboration. It helps teams capture conversations, analyze calls, and turn insights into action. - [Microsoft teams](https://composio.dev/toolkits/microsoft_teams) - Microsoft Teams is a collaboration platform that combines chat, meetings, and file sharing within Microsoft 365. It keeps distributed teams connected and productive through seamless virtual communication. - [Slackbot](https://composio.dev/toolkits/slackbot) - Slackbot is a conversational automation tool for Slack that handles reminders, notifications, and automated responses. It boosts team productivity by streamlining onboarding, answering FAQs, and managing timely alerts—all right inside Slack. - [2chat](https://composio.dev/toolkits/_2chat) - 2chat is an API platform for WhatsApp and multichannel text messaging. It streamlines chat automation, group management, and real-time messaging for developers. - [Agent mail](https://composio.dev/toolkits/agent_mail) - Agent mail provides AI agents with dedicated email inboxes for sending, receiving, and managing emails. It empowers agents to communicate autonomously with people, services, and other agents—no human intervention needed. - [Basecamp](https://composio.dev/toolkits/basecamp) - Basecamp is a project management and team collaboration tool by 37signals. It helps teams organize tasks, share files, and communicate efficiently in one place. - [Chatwork](https://composio.dev/toolkits/chatwork) - Chatwork is a team communication platform with group chats, file sharing, and task management. It helps businesses boost collaboration and streamline productivity. - [Clickmeeting](https://composio.dev/toolkits/clickmeeting) - ClickMeeting is a cloud-based platform for running online meetings and webinars. It helps businesses and individuals host, manage, and engage virtual audiences with ease. - [Confluence](https://composio.dev/toolkits/confluence) - Confluence is Atlassian's team collaboration and knowledge management platform. It helps your team organize, share, and update documents and project content in one secure workspace. - [Dailybot](https://composio.dev/toolkits/dailybot) - DailyBot streamlines team collaboration with chat-based standups, reminders, and polls. It keeps work flowing smoothly in your favorite messaging platforms. - [Dialmycalls](https://composio.dev/toolkits/dialmycalls) - Dialmycalls is a mass notification service for sending voice and text messages to contacts. It helps teams and organizations quickly broadcast urgent alerts and updates. - [Dialpad](https://composio.dev/toolkits/dialpad) - Dialpad is a cloud-based business phone and contact center system for teams. It unifies voice, video, messaging, and meetings across your devices. - [Discord](https://composio.dev/toolkits/discord) - Discord is a real-time messaging and VoIP platform for communities and teams. It lets users chat, share media, and collaborate across public and private channels. - [Discordbot](https://composio.dev/toolkits/discordbot) - Discordbot is an automation tool for Discord servers that handles moderation, messaging, and user engagement. It helps communities run smoothly by automating routine and complex tasks. - [Echtpost](https://composio.dev/toolkits/echtpost) - Echtpost is a secure digital communication platform for encrypted document and message exchange. It ensures confidential data stays private and protected during transmission. - [Egnyte](https://composio.dev/toolkits/egnyte) - Egnyte is a cloud-based platform for secure file sharing, storage, and governance. It helps teams collaborate efficiently while maintaining data compliance and security. - [Google Meet](https://composio.dev/toolkits/googlemeet) - Google Meet is a secure video conferencing platform for virtual meetings, chat, and screen sharing. It helps teams connect, collaborate, and communicate seamlessly from anywhere. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What are the differences in Tool Router MCP and Whatsapp MCP? With a standalone Whatsapp MCP server, the agents and LLMs can only access a fixed set of Whatsapp tools tied to that server. However, with the Composio Tool Router, agents can dynamically load tools from Whatsapp and many other apps based on the task at hand, all through a single MCP endpoint. ### Can I use Tool Router MCP with Autogen? Yes, you can. Autogen fully supports MCP integration. You get structured tool calling, message history handling, and model orchestration while Tool Router takes care of discovering and serving the right Whatsapp tools. ### Can I manage the permissions and scopes for Whatsapp while using Tool Router? Yes, absolutely. You can configure which Whatsapp scopes and actions are allowed when connecting your account to Composio. You can also bring your own OAuth credentials or API configuration so you keep full control over what the agent can do. ### How safe is my data with Composio Tool Router? All sensitive data such as tokens, keys, and configuration is fully encrypted at rest and in transit. Composio is SOC 2 Type 2 compliant and follows strict security practices so your Whatsapp data and credentials are handled as safely as possible. --- [See all toolkits](https://composio.dev/toolkits) · [Composio docs](https://docs.composio.dev/llms.txt)